Aflatoxin

AFLATOXIN

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Aflatoxin

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A Pre Evaluation of Feasibility Factors for Technical Change to Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut Based Livelihood Systems
Dr Ramadevi
STAAD

REVIEW OF THE PROCESS

SO FAR

Farmers practices and underlying reasons understood
Groundnut marketing systems and policy environment understood
Brainstorming by project team to put together potentially suitable technologies to produce aflatoxin free groundnuts and fodder feasibility assessed vis-à-vis potential constraints

AT PRESENT

A pre-evaluation aflatoxin reducing technologies carried out with the farmers of Ananthapur to assess feasibility and to understand potential constraints for adoption

PAMPANUR -Technology

RICH	POOR	WOMEN
Fungicides	Fungicides	Seed treatment (Trichoderma)
Seed treatment (Trichoderma)	Seed treatment (Trichoderma)	Bacteria to improve manure quality
Improved storage methods	Bacteria to improve manure quality	Fungicides
Sorting (of damaged, small immature pods)	Aflatoxin resistant varieties	Aflatoxin resistant varieties
Removal of immature / left over pods from haulms	Improved storage methods	Application of Gypsum
Aflatoxin resistant varieties	Drying techniques (wind rowing)	Early pod stripping / threshing without stacking by machines
Application of FYM	Application of FYM	Improved storage methods
Application of Gypsum	Application of Gypsum	Application of FYM
Bacteria to improve manure quality	Early pod stripping / threshing without stacking by machines	Sorting (of damaged, small immature pods)
Early pod stripping / threshing without stacking by machines	Sorting (of damaged, small immature pods)	Mulching (crop residues and manure’s)
Mulching (crop residues and manure’s)	Mulching (crop residues and manure’s)	Drying techniques (wind rowing)
Drying techniques (wind rowing)	Removal of immature / left over pods from haulms	Removal of immature / left over pods from haulms

	Any Two groups have Identical Choice
	Any two groups have close choice
	Do not Match

PAMPANUR -Feasibility factors

RICH	POOR	WOMEN
Labor availability	Labor cost	Labor availability
Labor cost	Labor availability	Work load / drudgery
Work load / drudgery	Work load / drudgery	Cost
Cost	Crop quality	Yield
Market	Yield	Availability of inputs
Crop quality	Market	Market
Health	Cost	Labor cost
Yield	Health	Health
Resistance	Resistance	Resistance
Availability of inputs	Availability of inputs	Crop quality
Availability of machinery	Availability of machinery	Availability of machinery

	All Three groups have Identical choice
	Any Two groups have Identical Choice
	Any two groups have close choice
	Do not Match

LINGANNAPALLI -Technology

RICH	POOR	WOMEN
Aflatoxin resistant varieties, Fungicides	Improved storage methods	Aflatoxin resistant varieties, Fungicides
Improved storage methods, Seed treatment (Trichoderma)	Seed treatment (Trichoderma)	Seed treatment (Trichoderma)
Application of Gypsum	Fungicides	Application of Gypsum
Application of FYM	Application of FYM	Application of FYM
Bacteria to improve manure quality	Application of Gypsum	Improved storage methods
Early pod stripping / threshing without stacking by machines	Aflatoxin resistant varieties	Bacteria to improve manure quality
Sorting (of damaged, small immature pods)	Bacteria to improve manure quality	Early pod stripping / threshing without stacking by machines Sorting (of damaged, small immature pod
Mulching (crop residues and manure’s)	Early pod stripping / threshing without stacking by machines	Mulching (crop residues and manure’s)
Removal of immature / left over pods from haulms	Mulching (crop residues and manure’s)	Removal of immature / left over pods from haulms
Drying techniques (wind rowing)	Removal of immature / left over pods from haulms	Drying techniques (wind rowing)
	Sorting (of damaged, small immature pods)
	Drying techniques (wind rowing)

	All Three groups have Identical choice
	Any Two groups have Identical Choice
	Any two groups have close choice
	Do not Match

LINGANNAPALLI -Feasibility factors

RICH	POOR	WOMEN
Work load/drudgery	Labor cost	Cost
Labor cost	Work load/drudgery	Labor cost
Yield	Labor Availability	Yield
Crop Quality	Crop quality	Labor Availability
Labor Availability	Cost	Resistance
Cost	Yield	Crop quality
Market	Availability of inputs	Work load/drudgery
Resistance	Health	Availability of inputs
Health	Market	Health
Availability of inputs	Resistance	Market
Availability of machinery	Availability of machinery	Availability of machinery

	All Three groups have Identical choice
	Any Two groups have Identical Choice
	Any two groups have close choice
	Do not Match

CONCLUSION

Sensitivity to ‘Different Strokes’

Apprehensions – Work load / Drudgery / Windrowing / Out turn effects

Economic Considerations – Costs / Availability / Access / _ _ _

‘ Market - ability ‘ – Acceptance / Access / Pricing / _ _ _

Perceptions based on current experience – Bowine tastes, no effects on health,

Awareness-Sorting, storage,

Group Approach - to widen stakeholder base / reach the poor farmer

Coalitions – Partnerships for Aflatoxin Free Groundnuts

Image Gallery

On-farm management of aflatoxin contamination of groundnut in West Africa.
1)English
2)French

Pre and Postharvest Management of Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut

Peanut CRSP Progress

Annoucement

Bulletin board

Effects of Aflatoxin on Health

Scholar's Activities

Training info.

Aspergillus flavus and
A. parasiticus

	Aflatoxin Estimation by Elisa
	Farmers practices and socioeconomic issues in groundnut based livelihood system
	ICRISAT Strategy
	Useful Links

Aflatoxin research on:

	Protection for Peanut
	Sources of resistance
	Breeding for resistance
	Integrated aflatoxin management
	Biological Control
	Approaches for Bio-technologies
	Diagnostic tools
	Crops Contaminated by A. flavus and Aflatoxin in India (Data from recent surveys).
	Post - harvest technologies 1) English 2) French 3) Hindi