Agricultural products are often contaminated with fungi that can produce toxic metabolites refereed to as mycotoxins. Among these, aflatoxins have assumed economic importance because of their influence on the health of human beings and livestock and on the marketability of agricultural products. Aflatoxin is a Group 1 carcinogen proven to cause liver cancer and also suppresses the immune system. In most developing countries limited or no facilities exist for monitoring these toxins in foods and feeds. Currently such phisicochemical methods as TLC and to a limited extent high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are used for the estimation of aflatoxins. Immunological methods are preferred over analytical methods because of their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, commercial kits based on immunological methods are expensive, and may be difficult to import them. To develop cost effective and simple technologies for the estimation of aflatoxins, United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) granted a project in 1998 (project no R7083) to ICRISAT and SCRI. This funding helped in the development of immunochemical methods. High quality antibodies were produced for aflatoxins and the methodologies developed to use antibodies for aflatoxin estimation in different agricultural commodities. The results were comparable with those of HPLC. Costs for performing this test procedure were compared with those of TLC and HPLC and found to be the least expensive of all the procedures and permitted analysis of up to 200 samples per day. The method developed is therefore simple, robust and cost-effective. This will facilitate production of safe foods and feeds which contribute to improvement of health of humans and livestock and will also enhance export potential leading to increased income for poor farmers in developing countries.